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When is it appropriate to quantify qualitative data in thematic analysis (e.g., reporting frequency of codes)‑ What are the potential pitfalls of doing so in a PhD thesis?

I’ve noticed some published qualitative studies mention that certain themes were “prevalent” or emerged from “many” participants. In my thematic analysis, I’m tempted to add such descriptive quantification to show the salience of a theme. However, I’m concerned examiners might critique this as betraying qualitative principles or misunderstanding the epistemological commitment.

 

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By Hema Answered 2 months ago

This is a nuanced issue. I would recommend using counts descriptively and cautiously, only to illustrate your analytical point about a theme’s prominence, not to imply it’s more “true.” The pitfall is implying prevalence equals importance; a rare code can be profoundly significant. In your thesis, clearly state your intent: “I use these counts illustratively, not inferentially.” I have seen this work well to show a theme’s spread, but the moment you suggest “20 people said this, therefore…” you risk undermining your qualitative ethos. Always center the meaning, not the number.

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